Интересные упражнения на артикль английский. Правила употребления артиклей в английском
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Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.
Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное (my) или указательное (this) местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже (father"s), количественное числительное (five) или отрицание "nо"
(не "not"
).
Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? - No, it isn"t my ... pencil, it is my sister"s ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister"s ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got ... car? - Yes, they have. Their ... car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? - No, I haven"t. 8. Is this ... watch? - No, it isn"t ... watch, it"s ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 10. I can see ... pencil on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... millionaire one ... day. 15. Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is ... artist, Mrs. Smith is ... poetess.1. This is a book. It is my book. 2. Is this your pencil? - No, it isn"t my pencil, it is my sister"s pencil. 3. I have a sister. My sister is an engineer. My sister"s husband is a doctor. 4. I have no handbag. 5. She has got a headache. 6. Have they got a car? - Yes, they have. Their car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got a calculator? - No, I haven"t. 8. Is this a watch? - No, it isn"t a watch, it"s a pen. 9. This pen is good, and that pen is bad. 10. I can see a pencil on your table, but I can see no paper. 11. Give me a chair, please. 12, They have a dog and two cats. 13. I have a spoon in my plate, but I have no soup in it. 14. My friend says he is going to be a millionaire one day. 15. Would you like an orange? 16. Mr. Smith is an artist, Mrs. Smith is a poetess.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а(аn)
. Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the
.
E.g. This is a
book. The
book is interesting.
Упражнение 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Не hasn"t got ... car. But he"s got ... computer. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother"s ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yesterday. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restaurant. 1. He hasn"t got a car. But he"s got a computer. The computer is new. 2. My friends have got a cat and a dog. The dog never bites the cat. 3, This is a tree. The tree is green. 4. I can see three boys. The boys are playing. 5. I have a bicycle. The bicycle is black. My friend has no bicycle. 6. Our room is large. 7. We wrote a dictation yesterday. The dictation was long. 8. She has two daughters and one son. Her son is a pupil. 9. Last year I gave my mother a bracelet for her birthday. She liked the bracelet. 10. My brother"s friendhas no dog. 11. This pencil is broken. Give me that pencil, please. 12. She has a ball. The ball is big. 13. I got a letter from my friend yesterday. The letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at a hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at the hotel and sometimes in a restaurant. 15. I"ve got an idea. 16. What a surprise!Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.
E.g. This is a book. The
book is interesting.
The book - исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is × meat. The
meat is fresh.
The meat - неисчисляемое
These are × books. The
books are good .
The books - множественное число
× - отсутствие артикля
Упражнение 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pencils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... spup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... vegetarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you! 12. My ... cousin is upset. He"s got ... sore throat. 13. This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... potatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea. 15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister"s ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.1. This is a pen. The pen is red. 2. These are pencils. The pencils are black. 3. This is soup. The soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea. 5. She gave me coffee and a cake. The coffee was hot. The cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ice cream? 7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting? 8. Do you need a camera? 9. He never eats meat, he always eats vegetables, cereals, seeds, fruit, and nuts. He is a vegetarian. 10. This is a pineapple. The pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, apples are good for you! 12. My cousin is upset. He"s got a sore throat. 13. This is cottage cheese. The cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought meat, butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought a cake. The cake was very tasty. We ate the cake with tea. 15. This is my table. On the table I have a book, two pencils, a pen and paper. 16. This is a bag. The bag is brown. It is my sister"s bag. And this is my bag. It is yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:
at school - в школе
At home - дома
At work - на работе
Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... students. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no ... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school. 11. Is your father at... home? - No, he is at... work. 12. Where is your ... brother? - He is at ... home. I have two sisters. My sisters are students. 2. We are at home. 3. My brother is not at home, he is at school. 4. My mother is at work. She is a doctor. 5. I am not a doctor. 6. I have no sister. 7. He is not a pilot. 8. I have thirty-two teeth. 9. He has a child. 10. She has two children. Her children are at school. 11. Is your father at home? - No, he is at work. 12. Where is your brother? - He is at home.Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.
E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.
Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny often tells us ... long ... interesting .. stories. 3. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin"s ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please.1. We have a large family. 2. My granny often tells us long interesting stories. 3. My father is an engineer. He works at a factory. The factory is large. 4. My mother is a doctor. She works at a large hospital. She is at work now. 5. My aunt is a teacher. She works at school. The school is good. My aunt is not at school now. She is at home. She is drinking tea and eating jam. The jam is sweet. I am at home, too. I am drinking tea and eating a sandwich. The sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at school. She is a pupil. 7. My cousin has a big black cat. My cousin"s cat has two kittens. The cat likes milk. The kittens like milk, too. 8. I am an engineer. 9. My son is a pupil, 10. He is a good pupil. 11. This is a house. 12. This is my pencil. 13. You have some pencils, but I have no pencil. Give me a pencil, please. 14. What a pity! I can"t come to the party tonight.
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:
а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным в мире
E.g. The sun is shining brightly. - Солнце светит ярко
б) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации
E.g. Put the book on the table. - Положи книгу на стол.
Упражнение 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What"s ... weather like today? - ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English lesson yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... questions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your ... brother? - Не is at... home. Не is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... homework. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sitting on ... sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands. 1. What"s the weather like today? - The weather is fine. 2. The sun is yellow. 3. The sky is grey today. 4. The Earth is a planet. 5. We had an English lesson yesterday. The teacher asked me many questions. The questions were difficult. 6. Where is your brother? - He is at home. He is in his room. He is sitting at the table. He is doing his homework. The homework is difficult. 7. Our cat is sitting on the sofa. 8. It is very dark in the room. Turn on the light, please. 9. Nick went into the bathroom, turned on the water and washed his hands.Упражнение 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shining brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother"s ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? - No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large. 1. This is a good book. Take the book from the table. Put this book into the bookcase. 2. The weather is fine today. The sky is blue. The sun is shining brightly in the blue sky. 3. This is a boy. The boy is at school. He is a pupil. This boy is my brother"s friend. He has a cat, but he has no dog. He likes his cat. He gives the cat milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received a letter from my friend. The letter was interesting. 5. We live in a big house. I like the house very much. 6. Are you a worker? - No, I am a student. 7. I like your beautiful flower. Give me the flower, please. 8. My mother is at home. She is reading an interesting book. 9. My father is not at home. He is at work. He is a doctor. He is a good doctor. He works at a hospital. The hospital is large.Кроме того существует огромное количество так называемых "застывших словосочетаний," в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.
Запомните следующие конструкции.
There is a ____.
Where is the ____ ?
Запомните также следующие предложения:
The (book) is on the (table).
Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)
Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога "on " может быть любой другой предлог иди заменяющее его словосочетание, напр., "in front of ".
Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank near here. - Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new supermarket in ... centre of our ... town. 4. There is ... hotel over there. ... hotel isn"t cheap. 5. Where is ... cat? - ... cat is on ... sofa. 6. Where is ... book? - ... book is on ... shelf. 7. Where are ... flowers? - ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 8. Where is ... vase? - ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 9. Open ... window, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 10. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 11. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ... good book. 1. There is a big tree in the garden. 2. There is a bank near here. - Where is the bank? 3. There is a new supermarket in the centre of our town. 4. There is a hotel over there. The hotel isn"t cheap. 5. Where is the cat? - The cat is on the sofa. 6. Where is the book? - The book is on the shelf. 7. Where are the flowers? - The flowers are in a beautiful vase. 8. Where is the vase? - The vase is on a little table near the window. 9. Open the window, please. The weather is fine today. I can see the sun in the sky. I can see a nice little bird. The bird is sitting in a big tree. The tree is green. 10. There is a little white cloud in the sky. 11. We have a large room. There is a big sofa in the room and a little lamp on the wall over the sofa. I like to sit on the sofa and read a good book.Запомните следующее застывшее словосочетание:
in front of - перед
Упражнение 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... wonderful small computer in ... front of ... books there. 2. Where is ... soup? - ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas cooker. 3. Where are ... cutlets? - ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 4. There is no ... bread on ... table. Where is ... bread? 5. There is ... little brown coffee table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 6. Where is ... table in your ... room? 7. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother"s ... room. 8. Is your brother at ... home? - No, he is at ... work. He works at... big factory. He is ... engineer. 9. My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big bookcase. 10. ... weather is fine today. Let"s go and play in ... yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing with ... ball.1. There is a wonderful small computer in front of the books there. 2. Where is the soup? - The soup is in a big saucepan on the gas cooker. 3. Whete are the cutlets? - The cutlets are in the refrigerator on a little plate. 4. There is no bread on the table. Where is the bread? 5. There is a little brown coffee table in our room in front of the sofa. 6. Where is the table in your room? 7. There is a thick carpet on the floor in my mother"s room. 8. Is your brother at home? - No, he is at work. He works at a big factory. He is an engineer. 9. My sister has many books. The books are in a big bookcase. 10. The weather is fine today. Let"s go and play in the yard. There are many children in the yard. They are playing with a ball.
Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:
I have a ____ . У меня есть ____ . This is a ____ . Это ____ . I am а ____ . Я ____ . Не has а ____ . У него есть ____ . That is а ____ . То ____ . Не is а ____ . Он ____ . I see а ____ . Я вижу ____ . It is а ____ . Это ____ . She is а ____ . Она ____ .
There is а ____ . Где-то находится (есть) что-то.
Вместо ____ нужно поставить существительное в единственном числе.
Упражнение 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen table. 2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor. 3. There was ... discotheque at ... club last Saturday but he didn"t go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has ... very good computer. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 8. There is ... very big piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It"s ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I learn at ... school. 11. My sister is at... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 12. This is ... very difficult question. I don"t know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 14. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is ... exciting city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live.1. I see a bottle of pineapple juice on the kitchen table. 2. Her son has a great sense of humor. 3. There was a discotheque at the club last Saturday but he didn"t go. 4. Is there a bus stop near the building? 5. We have a big dog. The dog is very clever. 6. My friend has a very good computer. 7. This boy is big. He is a student. 8. There is a very big piano in the hall. 9. This is a tree and that is not a tree. It"s a bush. 10. I am a boy. I am a pupil. I learn at school. 11. My sister is at work. She is a secretary. She works at a large office. 12. This is a very difficult question. I don"t know the answer to it. 13. Do you see a little girl with a big ball in her hands? She is a pupil of our school. 14. There was a beautiful flower in this vase yesterday. Where is the flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is an exciting city to visit, but a very expensive place to live.
Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:
in the middle - посередине
in the corner - в углу
to the right - направо
to the
left - налево
Упражнение 11. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... jar of ... orange ... marmelade in ... middle of ... shelf. 2. There is ... big ... box of ... cereal to ... right of you. 3. There is ... bunch of ... bananas on ... table. Don"t keep them in ... refrigerator. 4. There is ... loaf of ... white ... bread on ... upper ... shelf of ... refrigerator. If you want your ... bread to be fresh, keep it only in ... refrigerator. 5. Is there ... bag of ... flour in ... cupboard? 6. There was ... bottle of ... lemonade in ... corner of ... kitchen. 7. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 8. Where is ... table in your brother"s ... room? - His ... table is near ... window. 9. I can see ... fine ... vase on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 10. We have no ... piano in our ... living room. 11. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 12. I can see ... nice ... coffee table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee table. 13. Our ... TV set is on ... little ... table in ... corner of ... room. 14. There is... beautiful picture in my father"s ... study. ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window. 1. There is a jar of orange marmelade in the middle of the shelf. 2. There is a big box of cereal to the right of you. 3. There is a bunch of bananas on the table. Don"t keep them in the refrigerator. 4. There is a loaf of white bread on the upper shelf of the refrigerator. If you want your bread to be fresh, keep it only in the refrigerator. 5. Is there a bag of flour in the cupboard? 6. There was a bottle of lemonade in the corner of the kitchen. 7. There is a thick red carpet in my room. The carpet is on the floor in front of the sofa. 8. Where is the table in your brother"s room? - His table is near the window. 9. I can see a fine vase on the shelf. Is it your vase? 10. We have no piano in our living room. 11. My uncle is married. He has a beautiful wife. They have a son, but they have no daughter. 12. I can see a nice coffee table in the middle of the room to the right of the door. It is black and red. I like the coffee table. 13. Our TV set is on a little table in the corner of the room. 14. There is a beautiful picture in my father"s study. The picture is on the wall to the left of the window. 15. What a picture!Упражнение 12. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
My aunt"s flat is in ... new house. There is ... living room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dressing table with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cosy.My aunt"s flat is in a new house. There is a living room, a bedroom, a study, a bathroom and a kitchen in the flat. The bedroom is a large room with two windows. The room is light as the windows are large. There are white curtains on the windows. There are two beds with large pillows on them. There are small tables near the beds. There are lamps on them. To the left of the door there is a dressing table with a mirror on it. There is a low chair at the dressing table. There are several pictures on the pale green walls. There is a thick carpet on the floor. The carpet is dark green. The room is very cosy.
Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит неисчисляемое существительное или существительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово " some."
Упражнение 13. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please. 7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ... shelves? - There is ... butter in ... butter dish. There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ... lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ... juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 9. There are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys. Where are ... boys? - Oh, all ... boys are playing football at ... stadium. 10. There is ... peculiar charm in her ... voice. 1. There is a park behind the hospital. There are some beautiful trees in the park. 2. There is a good film on TV this evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is a library between the school and the bank. There are some English and German books in this library. 4. There is a sofa in the corner of the room. 5. There are some cushions on the sofa. 6. There are some books on the shelf. Give me a book, please. 7. Look into the refrigerator. What can you see on the shelves? - There is some butter in the butter dish. There is some sausage, but there is no cheese. There are some eggs and some apples. There is an orange, a lemon, and some jam in a little vase. 8. There is some juice in this cup. May I drink the juice? 9. There are some girls in the yard, but I can see no boys. Where are the boys? - Oh, all the boys are playing football at the stadium. 10. There is a peculiar charm in her voice. 11. There is (some) money in the purse.Выполните следующие упражнения, проверьте свои ответы
1. Choose the correct variant.
I. …Smiths have a dog and a cat.a) … b) The c) A
2. He knows how to work on … computer.
a) a b) an c) …
3. She was the first woman to swim across … English Channel.
a) a b) … c) the
4. Go down … Kingston Street and turn left into Oxford Street.
a) the b) a c) …
5. I don’t like milk in … tea.
a) … b) the с) а
6. At the end of… busy day, sleep is the best way to restore your energy.
a) the b) a c) …
7. We’ll go for a walk if … weather is fine.
a) a b) … c) the
8. Could you give me … information I asked for in my letter?
a) the b) … c) a
9. …war is a terrible thing.
a) The b) … с) А
10. I spent … very interesting holiday in England.
a) the b) a c) …
2. Fill in the correct article.
2. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... teacher. My sister’s ... husband is ... pilot.
3. I have no ... car.
4. She has got ... terrible … headache.
5. They have ... dog and two ... cats.
6. My ... cousin says he is going to be ... manager one ... day.
7. Would you like ... apple?
8. This is ... tree. ... tree is green.
9. I can see three ... children. ... children are playing in … yard.
10. I have ... car. ... car is white. My ... friend has no ... car.
3. Fill in the articles in the proverbs if necessary.
1. … apple … day keeps … doctor away.2. … appetite comes with eating.
3. … good beginning makes … good ending.
4. … bird in … hand is worth two in … bush.
5. Among … blind … one-eyed man is king.
6. … brevity is … soul of wit.
7. … cat has nine lives.
8. … charity begins at … home.
9. … clothes make … man.
10. … curiosity killed … cat.
Правильные ответы:
1. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. b | 2. a | 3. c | 4. c | 5. a | 6. b | 7. c | 8. a | 9. b | 10. b2. Вставьте правильный артикль.
1. “Is this your ... friend?” - “No, it isn’t my ... friend, it is my sister”.2. I have a sister. My ... sister is a teacher. My sister’s ... husband is a pilot.
3. I have no ... car.
4. She has got a terrible … headache.
5. They have a dog and two ... cats.
6. My ... cousin says he is going to be a manager one ... day.
7. Would you like an apple?
8. This is a tree. The tree is green.
9. I can see three ... children. The children are playing in the yard.
10. I have a car. The car is white. My ... friend has no ... car.
3. Вставьте артикли в пословицах, если требуется.
1. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.2. The appetite comes with eating.
3. A good beginning makes a good ending.
4. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
5. Among the blind the one-eyed man is king.
6. Brevity is the soul of wit.
7. A cat has nine lives.
8. Charity begins at home.
9. Clothes make the man.
10. Curiosity killed the cat.
Употребление артиклей в английском языке: определённый артикль the , неопределённый артикль a (an ), нулевой артикль.
Употребление артиклей в английском языке - сложная задача для начинающих изучать этот один из самых распространённых языков в мире. Артикли в английском языке бывают трёх видов, и, несмотря на то, что существуют четкие правила, объясняющие их использование, выбрать правильный артикль порой бывает нелегко.
Существует три артикля в английском языке:
определенный артикль the : Did you enjoy the party? - Тебе понравилась вечеринка?
два неопределенных артикля в английском:
Артикль a - употребляют, если следующее слово начинается с согласной: I’m reading a book about England - я читаю книгу об Англии
Артикль an - если слово, стоящее после него, начинается с гласной: I read an interesting story - я читала интересную историю
“zero article ” (нулевой артикль в английском языке) - это отсутствие артиклей: Does she like meat or fish? - Она любит мясо или рыбу?
Артикли в английском языке могут стоять непосредственно перед существительным:
She is an artist - она художник
Кроме того, артикли в английском могут быть отделены от существительного с помощью наречия или прилагательного:
the newly renovated church - недавно отреставрированная церковь
a beautiful young woman - красивая молодая женщина
Правила употребления артиклей в английском языке
Употребление неопределённых артиклей в английском языке “a” и “an” :
1. Неопределённые артикли в английском языке “a ” или “an ” употребляются с существительными только в единственном числе в следующих случаях:
1.1. Если о предмете или человеке упоминают впервые, а также, если перед существительным стоит прилагательное в функции определения описательного характера:
Can I make a suggestion? - Могу я предположить?
Suddenly there was a loud bang - внезапно раздался громкий удар
1.2. С существительными в конструкции “there is ” (there was ):
There was a noise outdoors - на улице был какой-то шум
1.3. С существительными в сочетании с прилагательным “such ”:
such a day, such a car etc .
1.4. В восклицательных предложениях с усилительным местоимением “what ” употребляются неопределённые артикли в английском языке:
What a day! “What a nice journey!”
1.5. C существительными, которым предшествует слово “half ”:
half an hour, half a day etc .
1.6. Слова, которые начинаются с буквы “u ”, при условии, что она произносится как /ju: / (например, “united”, “useful ”), всегда употребляются с артиклем “a ” (not “an ”):
English is an universal language
English is a universal language
1.7. Cлова “one and ones ” и все фразы, начинающиеся с этих слов (such as one-sided, once-over ),всегда употребляются с артиклем “a ”:
a one-parent family, a one-way trip etc .
1.8. Если аббревиатуры начинаются с букв: F, H, L, M, N, R, S or X , а произношение этих букв начинается с гласного звука (например, F произносится, как /ef /), то в таких случаях всегда используется неопределённый артикль “an ” (not “a ”):
an MBA degree, an FBI agent etc .
1.9. В составе некоторых устойчивых сочетаний употребляется неопределённый артикль в английском языке:
a lot of, twice a day, as a result, it’s a pity .
1.10. С профессиями:
a pilot , an engineer .
Употребление определенного артикля в английском языке ”the”
2. Определенный артикль the в английском языке употребляется как с единственным числом, так и со множественным; как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными в следующих случаях:
2.1. Если речь идет о конкретном лице или предмете в конкретной ситуации: Can you walk the dog? Can you put the book on the table? Оба собеседника знают, о какой собаке и о какой книге идет речь. Другими словами, определённый артикль the - это эквивалент выражению «вон тот, конкретный». Представьте, что Вы возвращаетесь из магазина и говорите своему другу: «Я купил(ла) the телефон». Этими словами вы введете своего друга в заблуждение, ведь на самом деле вы сказали: «Я купил(ла) вон тот телефон», а ваш друг понятия не имеет, о каком телефоне идёт речь. Поэтому, упоминая о предмете или человеке впервые, правильно будет сказать: I bought a phone yesterday .
2.2. Если предмет или явление имеет описание:
“This is the phone that I was telling you about yesterday ”.
2.3. Если о предмете или лице упоминалось в контексте ранее:
This is a house. The house is very old .
2.4. Если существительное в английском языке выражает единственный в своем роде предмет, ставится определённый артикль the:
the sun, the world, the sky, the universe , или же единственный в определённом пространстве предмет: the door, the window etc .
2.5. В сочетании с прилагательными в превосходной степени:
the best friend, the longest trip etc .
2.6. В сочетании с порядковыми числительными в английском языке:
the first day, the second chance etc .
2.7. При употреблении с прилагательным “same”:
the same day, the same time etc .
2.8. С существительными, обозначающими названия озер, водопадов, проливов, горных хребтов, групп островов, сторон света, рек, морей, океанов:
the Thames, the Atlantic Ocean, the Alps, the Bermudas, the English Channel, the Gulf Stream, the Suez Canal, the Niagara Falls etc .
2.9. С названиями стран, состоящих из нескольких слов, включающих в себя следующие: federation, republic, union, state, kingdom. Например:
the German Federal Republic, the USA, the UK etc .
2.10. В названиях пустынь также употребляется определённый артикль the в английском:
the Sahara Desert
2.11. В качестве исключения определённый артикль the в английском языке употребляется со следующими географическими названиями: the Netherlands (в переводе на русский - Ничьи Земли, чтобы показать, что они все-таки кому-то принадлежат, используют определенный артикль в английском языке):
the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Vatican, the Congo, the Lebanon, the Hague и с некоторыми другими
2.12. С существительными, обозначающими названия гостиниц, театров, музеев, судов:
the Hilton, the Covent Garden, the Titanic, the Bolshoy Theatre etc .
2.13. С существительными, обозначающими названия англоязычных газет:
the Financial Times, the Daily Mail etc .
2.14. В составе устойчивых сочетаний употребляется определённый артикль the:
to play the piano/ the violin / the guitar / the cello etc., to tell the truth, to go to the cinema/ theatre, to listen to the radio, the other way
2.15. С фамилиями, если фамилия стоит во множественном числе и обозначает всю семью:
the Smiths, the Browns etc .
Употребление нулевого артикля “zero article" (опущение артиклей в английском языке)
3. Артикли в английском языке опускаются в следующих случаях:
3.1. Перед именами собственными, а также перед существительными, обозначающими звания и титулы:
Professor N., General B., Queen Y .
3.2. Перед существительными, обозначающими дни недели на английском:
Monday, Sunday ….
3.3. С существительными в сочетании с предлогами в английском языке “from ….to, from …. till ”:
from beginning to end, from north to south, from nothing till everything, from head to foot etc .
3.4. С существительными, после которых указывается число или номер:
page 45, room 8, tram 7
3.5. С существительными после глаголов “to appoint ”, “to elect ”:
to appoint director, to elect deputy .
3.6. Артикли в английском языке не употребляются с существительными, обозначающими следующие географические понятия:
3.6.1. названия континентов, а также стран и городов, состоящих из одного имени собственного:
Europe, Asia, Australia, France, Italy, Spain etc .
3.6.2. названия отдельных островов (если это не группы островов), гор (если это не горная цепь), а также названия озер (если в их названии есть слово “Lake ”):
Malta, Elbrus, Lake Ontario etc .
3.6.3. названия улиц и площадей:
Red Square, Trafalgar Square, Street, Regent Street etc .
3.7. В заголовках газет и журнальных статей:
Tasty farewell to winter, Colour of Dream
3.8. В некоторых устойчивых сочетаниях артикли в английском языке не употребляются:
on foot, by heart, by car, at home etc .
3.9. При употреблении таких существительных в общем смысле:
Time is money. Life isn"t easy. Love and friendship …
При определении этих существительных в конкретизированном значении используется определенный артикль в английском языке:
Don’t you know anything about the life of this people? Where is the money I’ve laid on the shelf?
Выбор во многом зависит от контекста. В этих упражнениях подобраны случаи, когда выбор более-менее однозначен. Пройдите упражнения на артикли, чтобы закрепить знание темы.
Упражнение 1. Артикль A или AN?
Выбор между вариантами неопределенного зависит от первого звука следующего слова. Перед согласным используем a , перед гласным an – это позволяет артиклю не сливаться со словом.
Показать ответы с переводом
1) an apple – яблоко
2) a board – доска
3) a nail – гвоздь
4) an orange umbrella – оранжевый зонт
5) a sparrow – воробей
6) a history class – урок истории
7) an actor – актер
8) a university – университет (слово “university” начинается с согласного звука)
Упражнение 2. Артикль THE или A\AN?
Выбор между артиклями и a\an в большинстве случаев зависит от контекста. В этом упражнении приведены случаи, когда из контекста понятно, какой именно нужен артикль.
Показать ответы с переводом
- I need to sign this. Have you got a pen by chance? – Мне нужно это подписать. У вас случайно нет ручки?
- This is the pen that Ernest Hemingway wrote his stories with. – Это ручка, которой Эрнест Хемингуэй писал свои рассказы.
- We met on the day when the war started. – Мы познакомились в день, когда началась война.
- That’s a hard task, I’ll need a day or two to finish it. – Это сложное задание, мне понадобится день или два, чтобы его закончить.
- I’ve watched the movie you told me about. – Я посмотрел фильм, о которым ты мне говорил.
- I had a couple of hour to kill, so I decided to go watch a movie . – Мне нужно было скоротать пару часов, поэтому я решил сходить посмотреть какой-нибудь фильм.
Упражнение 3. Нулевой артикль, артикль THE или A\AN?
В этом упражнении вам нужно выбрать между артиклем the, артиклем a\an и . Если артикль нулевой – просто оставьте пропуск в тексте пустым.
Показать ответы с переводом
- You have an hour to finish your essay. – У вас есть час, чтобы закончить ваше сочинение.
- A year has passed but his business still has the same problem. – Прошел год, но у его бизнеса все та же проблема.
- We have a lot in common. – У нас много общего.
- What do you want to buy? We’ve got sugar , oil , a sack of rice, a few magazines. – Что вы хотите купить? У нас есть сахар, масло, мешок риса, несколько журналов.
- I agree that knowledge is power but the proverb is not about the knowledge of all seasons of “The Simpsons”. – Я согласен, что знание – сила, но эта поговорка не о знании всех сезонов “Симпсонов”.
Упражнение 4. Правильно ли выбран артикль?
В некоторых из этих предложений неправильно использован артикль. Отметьте, какие предложения соответствуют правилам грамматики, а какие нет.
Одно из существенных отличий английского языка от русского – использование артиклей перед существительными. Русскоговорящим тяжело дается эта тема, поскольку в нашем родном языке нет никаких аналогов этим служебным словам. В английской же речи они употребляются практически перед каждым существительным , поэтому мы просто обязаны разобраться в их правильном употреблении. Изучим основные случаи постановки этих служебных частей речи в предложении и выполним различные упражнения на артикли в английском языке для их отработки и запоминания.
Всего различают два вида артиклей в английском языке: и неопределенный артикль. Каждый из них имеет свое значение, правила и случаи употребления. Правильное использование артиклей является важным моментом английской речи, поскольку позволяет внести ясность в предложение и достичь понимания с собеседником.
Неопределенный артикль
Служебное слово a (an ) имеет родственные связи с числительным one и означает единичность какого-либо случая, явления, предмета. Соответственно он может употребляться только с теми существительными, которые стоят в единственном числе и относятся к классу исчисляемых. Еще одно значение этого артикля – классификация лица/предмета в значении «каждый, любой, всякий» . Рассмотрим, как используются неопределенные артикли в английском языке, а позже проработаем упражнения.
| № | Правило употребления | Пример |
| 1. | С сущ. в роли подлежащего в знач. «любой, всякий». | A doctor should be competent. |
| 2. | С сущ. в роли подлежащего в конструкциях с there is. | There is a star in the sky. |
| 3. | С сущ. в роли прямого дополнения. | I have a book . |
| 4. | С сущ. в роли предикатива (составного сказуемого). | I am a writer . It’s a table . |
| 5. | С сущ. с описательным прил. | I had a big lunch . |
| 6. | В восклицательных пред. с конструкциями What a..! Such a…! | What a fine weather! What a surprise ! It’s such a hard work! |
| 7. | В устойчивых сочетаниях. | Don’t make a mistake . The show was a success . |
Грамматическое замечание: если слово, к которому относится артикль, начинается с гласной буквы, то артикль имеет вид an , в остальных случаях а .
Определенный артикль
В отличие от предыдущей части речи, артикль the употребляется со всеми возможными классами существительных, причем как в единственном, так и во множественном числе. Используется он тех в случаях, когда речь идет о конкретном предмете, лице, явлении. Разберемся в правилах на употребление этой служебной части речи и попрактикуемся в их применении в ходе выполнения упражнения на определенные артикли на английском языке.
| № | Правило употребления | Пример |
| 1. | Контекст предложения указывает на то, что лицо/предмет известен обсуждающим, либо же это сущ. является единственным в своем роде. | The
boy
is clever. (Этот мальчик умный).
The days are fine. (Эти дни прекрасны). The sky is blue. The sun rises in the East. |
| 2. | Сущ. упоминалось ранее. | She bought a new car , the car is white. |
| 3. | Сущ. употребляется с порядковым числительным. | I live on the first floor . Read the second text . |
| 4. | Сущ. употребляется с прил. в превосходной степени. | This is the best song I’ve ever heard. It was the most important thing for him. |
| 5. | Сущ. играет в предложении роль обстоятельства места. | I read a newspaper on the bus . I play soccer in the garden . |
| 6. | Сущ. предшествуют слова only, final, next, right/left, last, main, same, right/wrong.
Исключ. next week |
The next stop is mine. It’s the only way out. Но: See you next week! |
Грамматическое замечание: ни один вид артиклей не употребляется, если перед существительными стоит местоимение, указательное местоимение, количественное числительное , другое существительное в притяжательном падеже или отрицание no (не not!). Неисчисляемые существительные, за редким исключением, употребляются без артиклей.
Итак, мы изучили основные правила употребления артиклей. Еще есть отдельные законы, по которым используются или не используются артикли с географическими названиями , именами собственными, названиями болезней, а также национальностями, обозначениями жителей, иностранными языками и т.д. Список эти особых случаев довольно обширный, с ним можно ознакомиться и изучить . Сейчас же наша задача закрепить полученные общие знания. Для этого выполним грамматические упражнения на артикли в современном английском языке.
Упражнения на артикли в английском языке
Попрактикуемся в использовании артиклей с помощью нескольких упражнений.
Упражнение 1 (неопределенный артикль)
Напиште неопределенный артикль a или an:
orange
car
mouse
book
apple
word
actor
arm
cat
animal
Упражнение 2 (артикли)
Вставьте недостающий артикль a(an) или the
child needs love and care.
computer is out of order.
What hectic life.
It is second picture.
students are at canteen.
English is very beautiful language.
It is final version of our project.
Упражнение 3 (артикль the)
Напишите артикль "the", где это необходимо или "-" где артикль не нужен:
It is my first book.
fish are hungry.
Open window, please.
My Grandfather is eldest in our family.
What is right answer?
your sun is set.
Do you like cars?
My mother lives on third floor.
Do you remember Peter’s words?